Purpose Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis. It was suggested an important role in smooth muscle cell (SMC) malfunction and apoptosis as primary anomaly in UPJO. SMC cytoskeleton in UPJO, however, has not been investigated. Vinculin-talin-integrin arrangement is a known systems of interaction between extracellular matrix and sarcolemma-associated cytoskeleton. Our purpose is to evaluate the cytoskeletal structure of SMC of infants affected by UPJO. ...